![]() Let’s imagine that we ran 5 tests simultaneously, and came up with the following result: When p-values are not independent, other methods such as Tuckey’s can provide a more suitable alternative.Įxample of multiple testing using the Bonferroni correction: Consequently, the Bonferroni correction often requires a practical FWER that is larger than needed and is known to be conservative, and not the best approach in general. When the hypotheses being tested are not independent, it results from the rule of addition that P(A or B) << P(A) + P(B). The Bonferroni correction guarantees that we do not make false positive claims ( Type I errors), but this comes at the price of making false negative claims ( Type II errors). So in practice, the p-value is considered to be significant if it’s below the desired level alpha/ m, where m is the number of hypotheses being tested. In the aforementioned derivation, we look for a quantity “alpha multiple” that controls the FWER at 0.05, which results in a simple division of alpha by the number of hypotheses m. Two of the most used methods to control the FWER, are (A) the Bonferroni correction and (B) Holm’s procedure. We define the family wise error rate (FWER) as the probability of making at least one Type I error. When testing multiple hypotheses simultaneously, we can instead be concerned about erroneously rejecting the 1st, 2nd… or mth null hypothesis. When testing one hypothesis, we are concerned about erroneously rejecting one null hypothesis. So, how do we adjust for multiple testing? (II) Controlling the family-wise error rate (FWER) This is what makes multiple testing adjustment important. This means that if we test 1000 hypotheses simultaneously, we expect to claim false findings on 50 just by chance. Because we fixed the Type I error at 5%, under regularity conditions we will on average make the decision to falsely reject the null 5% of the times. Testing a large number of hypotheses using this framework needs specific considerations. This decision is based on the p-value, and the pre-defined type I error rate: if the p-value is under 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis. (Step 4) Make a decision to reject, or to not reject the null hypothesis The p-value is a measure of how extreme it is to observe the test statistic we constructed in step 2, which assumed the null hypothesis of no effect. Usually, this is based on the z, t or chi-square distribution. (Step 2) Using the observed data, construct a test statistic to test the hypothesis We fix the Type I error at 5% and expect to falsely claim a finding 5% of the times. The “confidence level” is (1- the type I error), and the “statistical power” is (1- the type II error). Traditionally, we want to reach a conclusion with a confidence level of 95%, and a statistical power of 80%. Table 1: Type I and type II errors in hypothesis testing (by author) (Step 1) Define H0 (the null hypothesis), the confidence level, and power Table 1 below is a reminder of the two types of errors one can make when testing a hypothesis (the type I error or false positive rate, and the type II error, or false negative rate). (I) Hypothesis testing and p-values: a quick refresherīefore diving into multiple testing, let’s quickly go over 4 steps to follow when doing hypothesis testing. A link to the lab section in the ISL textbook with R code is also provided at the end of this article. (I) Hypothesis testing and p-values: a quick refresher (II) Controlling the Family-Wise Error Rate (FWER) (III) Controlling the False Discovery Rate (FDR)Ĭoncluding remarks will discuss how to approach multiple testing, and hypothesis testing in general. The structure of the article is inspired by a chapter in “ An Introduction to Statistical Learning” (ISL) by Tibshirani et al. Other popular (and sometimes more powerful) methods such as Scheffé’s, Tukey’s, and resampling approaches will not be covered. We will review the Bonferroni correction, Holm’s and the Benjamini-Hochberg procedures. In this article, I discuss the traditional frequentist approach to multiple testing, which is centered around the p-value. In Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) for instance, researchers are interested in testing the relationship between a phenotype and millions of DNA nucleotide mutations. It is now a key consideration in statistical inference problems.Ĭommon examples of multiple testing problems include testing whether several variables have an effect on a given outcome, or testing the effect of a single variable on a myriad of outcomes. Multiple testing adjustment has gained in popularity with large scale datasets used for exploratory purposes.
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![]() The main reason for the export growth is the strong demand of new energy vehicles in overseas markets.Īccording to the association, the recent performance of Chinese automakers in Australia, the UK, Mexico and other key markets is also outstanding. The average export price of these automobiles was $12,900 in 2018 but have gradually increased to $16,400 in 2022 and $18,900 in August 2022. About 1.91 million Chinese vehicles were exported from January to August this year, up 44% year-on-year. The association also analyzed the export of Chinese vehicles. ![]() Tesla China and SAIC-GM-Wuling’s estimated wholesale sales in September are 83,000 and 52,000 units respectively, ranking second and third. In terms of the new energy vehicle market, the association estimated that BYD’s wholesale sales in September exceeded 200,000 units, ranking first. With the high price of fuel, although the purchase cost of an electric vehicle is slightly higher, their lower overall cost has become the main driving force of stronger demand. Vehicle demand for transportation and suburban leisure has increased significantly. Furthermore, the number of new products is much higher than the same period in the past two years. September and October are the traditional peak season for consumption in China and local policies have been introduced in tandem with the peak season. ![]() The association believes that the car market retail growth in September demonstrates a better overall economic environment. It is predicted that the wholesale sales of new energy vehicles in September will be about 664,000 units, up about 90% year-on-year. "It also plays a role in bridging to global markets," Arief said.According to a report released by the China Passenger Car Association (CPCA) on October 10, preliminary statistics show that from September 1 to 30, the retail sales of passenger cars in China reached 1.908 million units, up 21% year-on-year. The festival also hosted the Halal Lifestyle Conference with 42 MSMEs out of 2,000 applicants currently undergoing the process to have a chance of entering modern retail outlets. "We hope that this activity can help our efforts to expand the export reach of Indonesian halal products to enter the global market," Arief said.Īnother event held during the 9tn ISEF was the International Hajj Conference, and the meeting on International Muslim Friendly Tourism that "resulted in an agreement between the industry and the authorities outlined in a resolution for the development of Muslim-friendly tourism in Indonesia." ![]() "The transactions in the 9th ISEF reached Rp27.6 trillion, comprising business-to-business, business-to-customer, and exhibition transactions," Arief said in the closing ceremony that was streamed live on Bank Indonesia's YouTube channel on Sunday, October 9.Īrief said that the festival held at least 163 events and activities, including the 4th International Halal Dialogue, where the Indonesian halal certification authority explored cooperation with a number of countries like China, Malaysia, South Korea, the United States, and Saudi Arabia. The central bank's Sharia Economics and Finance Department head, Arief Hartawan, said that Rp27.6 trillion worth of transactions were booked during the implementation. TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Bank Indonesia (BI) closed the series of activities in the 9th Indonesia Sharia Economic Festival (ISEF) on Sunday, October 9. ![]() This is the punishing part when you start to change strategies. Later on, the level of the engineer hinders your progress to new levels ups of your machines because more and more machines get components you don’t even use, which means fewer components per daily cycle for the machines you use. But you can use these breaks to upgrade the personal guild tree. Every time you get a new machine that new one will get most of the materials until you could possibly upgrade the machine to the same level as your other machines. The reason for that is the way the distribution of materials works. It’s a bit counterintuitive but in most strategies, you want to have your engineer as low as possible. On one hand, the engineer level pushes all machines, but in the end, one machine level up equals one engineer level up, so even for a payer it should be more effective to level up not too many machines, rather pay to decrease the time where the main machines don’t get components. Strategies for payers: (disclaimer: not tested) I would assume that a strategy with 3 or 4 machines should be enough even for bigger payers, rather go for higher machines than for more machines. Even in PvP, it gets beaten by enough strategies since the individual machines are way lower than in other strategies. This strategy is very expensive and doesn’t result in too much campaign progress. Resources-wise it’s like the healer strategy but should lead to a little faster progress in the campaign and in PvP it’s the nemesis for a Solo-Tank strategy.ĥ machines: For newer players, there will be a lack of heroes and even later on you will miss a hero in one machine. The idea is to still have a dedicated tank but crash the enemies faster. Tank & Double DD: There are two variants, you take the first two DDs or you take the AoE-DD later on, but the AoE doesn’t help too often so probably standard DDs are fine. ![]() If you have any surplus of blueprints increase the damage of the tank for PvP. Blueprints get spent as follows: Tank HP/Armor, DD, and Healer damage. Earthshatter is even weaker here than in the Tank & DD strategy. Fortress as Tank is best suited for this strategy, as its high base armor blocks most of the incoming damage and any healing it gets is worth more. Machines without a full crew are much weaker.Ĭompared to the other strategies the healer barely increases the progress in PvE, but for PvP healers are very useful and this strategy beats non-healer strategies pretty well. ![]() Unless you already have a pool of 12 heroes, you shouldn’t be using the healer. By then you should have made good progress with the heroes. The healer is the fifth machine you will get. On f2p you can barely manage to keep up with the material income but you would completely abandon your guild tree. Only recommended for very active f2p players or players who are willing to spend some money. From there on you save to level 135, if you didn’t spread your ethereal shards too wide, you should hit 155 stars with that. If you left all other machines on level 1, you can reach level 130 before getting the 5th machine, which should be 145 stars and transmuting for opal chests as well as the opal chest in the weekly. ![]() It’s the fastest strategy to reach 155 stars as f2p (8.5 months is definitely possible). Blueprints have to be used for all attributes, with damage as the number one priority. The solo strategies leave the most room for the personal guild tree since you need the lowest amount of tokens for the same progress in the campaign. Points spent on other war machines are always a disadvantage later on because they push the engineering level too high. There always could be a discussion if you pick one of the first two machines or definitely focus on the first one. The basic idea is very simple, you just focus on your first machine and ignore the rest. Besides, I will talk about the possible tactics for players who spend money. With very high activity Tank & DD & Healer is possible as well, but that leaves the personal guild tree pretty blank. For free-to-play players there are mostly 3 valid strategies: Solo-DD, Tank & DD, Solo-Tank. Or you can download your desired implementation manually and setup the library as described in the document.įor this demo, I am using Apache MyFaces. You can select from several JSF implementations. You will need to pick a JSF implementation to use. Open the PDF guide and step through the Eclipse setup (hint: if you’ve downloaded the files, be sure to select local content when doing the Eclipse install not the archive). If you want to use ICEFaces, then you will need to go to the website and get the appropriate download. Nor am I pushing IceFaces as the best component library I’m using it as an example because I was recently working on a project where it was successfully used. I am in no way encouraging anyone to stay away (go play with the new frameworks for JavaScript and you will be saying how much fun it can be too. JavaScript can be very fun to work with, especially now in the time of HTML5. However, in some cases, component libraries can help you get your user interface up and running both quickly and effectively. If you want to have a lot of control over the JavaScript, then this is not the solution. JSF and component libraries are perfect for certain situations, but may not be a good choice at all for others. I would like to first reiterate that what you choose is going to depend on your needs for a particular project. In this post, I would like to give a couple of examples of the kinds of components that can be used to quickly bring up a user interface. ![]() This is a continuation of my previous entry on component based java frameworks. Please keep that in mind as you read the post.
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Card Members may bring up to two (2) companions into The Centurion Lounge. Gold Card and Green Card Additional Cards on your Platinum Card account are not eligible for complimentary access. Sunrise at 5:59 am and sunset at 8:13 pm.Platinum Card Members have unlimited complimentary access to all locations of The Centurion Lounge. Showers likely, with thunderstorms also possible after 2 p.m. It’s Friday - Overcast throughout the day with some patchy fog. The incident occurred at around 7 p.m., which is after the bakery is closed.” Bakery Near Fairlington - “No one was injured after a car smashed through a front window of Great Harvest Bread (1711 Centre Plaza) in Fairlington Centre on Tuesday night (May 10). ![]() Let’s see how the pros handle it.” Ĭar vs. suburbs.'” īuses Gone Wild on I-395 - From Dave Statter: “I’ve shown you lots of amateur drivers trying to navigate I-395S Exit 8C/Route 1. June 18, 1971: Ceremonies to mark construction of the Rosslyn Metro station, ‘first in the D.C. Throwback to Metro Groundbreaking - “We recently rediscovered a scrapbook from the early days of NVTC. ![]() The programming is offered once a week at local parks and elementary schools for children as young as 3 years old.” The eight-week pilot program recently kicked off and brings soccer programming to families who live in APAH’s more than 2,000 affordable apartments throughout Arlington County. įree Soccer Programming Pilot - “The Arlington Soccer Association is teaming up with the Arlington Partnership for Affordable Housing (APAH) to provide free soccer programming. ![]() New Lounge Arriving at DCA - An American Express Centurion Lounge is under construction at Reagan National Airport. After another gap year, the process would repeat.” Police remain on scene investigating the cause of the crash.” Ĭiv Fed Proposes Board Changes - “A task force empaneled by the Arlington County Civic Federation has proposed a somewhat radical reconfiguration of County Board and School Board elections… The TiGER proposal, which seeks to expand membership on each body to seven, would have four County Board members and three School Board members elected in a given year, followed by a gap year, followed by three County Board members and four School Board members elected. The driver of the other involved vehicle has been transported to the hospital for medical evaluation. Pigeons hanging out in Rosslyn’s Freedom Park (staff photo by Jay Westcott)īus Crash in Front of Hospital - “At approximately 1:52 p.m., police were dispatched to the report of a two vehicle crash involving an ART bus in the 1600 block of N. ![]() Dizziness, headaches, upset stomach, muscle cramps, frequent urination and increased thirst are some of the common side effects. Diuretics can sometimes give rise to certain side effects. Though one can buy these pills over the counter, it would be best to take these pills under medical supervision. While diuretics can help in lowering the blood pressure, doctors may sometimes prescribe other anti-hypertensives for treating high blood pressure. Spironolactone, Torsemide, Chlorothiazide, Methyclothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Furosemide, Indapamide, Hydroflumethiazide, Chlorthalidone and Metolazone are names of some of the common diuretic pills. Potassium-sparing diuretics help in reducing the amount of sodium, but retain potassium in the body at the same time. These increase the volume of urine as well. These are diuretic pills that prevent the reabsorption of sodium and water. Osmotic diuretics, as the name suggests, work on the principle of osmosis. Thiazide pills dilate the blood vessels and lower the amount of sodium and water in the body. Their effect is seen in the loop of Henle of the kidneys which is why such pills are called loop diuretics. Loop diuretics are drugs that prevent the reabsorption of sodium into the blood. What are the different types of diuretics that are used for treating high blood pressure? These include thiazides, osmotic diuretics, loop diuretics and potassium-sparing water pills. Thus, blood pressure stays within the normal limits. When the blood volume remains normal, the heart does not need to work harder to pump the blood. These drugs also increase the production of urine, thereby preventing the absorption of water and minerals into blood. ![]() ![]() Diuretics help in removing excess sodium and fluids from the body. Under such circumstances, doctors may prescribe diuretics for high blood pressure. The heart has to work harder and one is most likely to suffer from hypertension due to these bodily changes. The blood volume increases due to the accumulation of fluids and high level of sodium or salts into the blood. When kidneys are unable to filter blood and remove wastes, excess fluid and salts get reabsorbed into the blood. These wastes are then flushed out of the body in the form of urine. The kidneys are paired organs that remove waste products from the blood. How Do Diuretics Help in Treating Hypertension Scroll down to learn about the advantages or disadvantages of using water pills for high blood pressure. At times, doctors may prescribe water pills, which are also known as diuretics, for controlling hypertension. Thus, blood pressure must not be allowed to shoot up to dangerous levels. This can lead to serious heart conditions or kidney problems. When one’s blood pressure is high, the heart has to work harder to pump blood. Smoking, excessive consumption of alcohol, unhealthy dietary habits, stress and prolonged use of certain drugs can make one susceptible to hypertension. Those who live a sedentary lifestyle are definitely at an increased risk of developing this condition. When blood pressure becomes higher than 140/90 mm Hg, one is said to suffer from high blood pressure or hypertension. Ideally, one’s blood pressure must be 120/80 mm Hg. This pressure is medically referred to as blood pressure. ![]() Blood exerts pressure on the walls of the veins and arteries while flowing through them. It is pumped by the heart and carried by blood vessels called veins and arteries. Blood is a body fluid that carries oxygen and nutrients to various parts of the body. ![]() You’ll get a list of related keyword suggestions, including long-tail keyword variations, as well as their search volume on Google and Bing. Just enter a keyword and then choose your industry and country (if desired). ![]() WordStream’s Free Keyword Tool gives you hundreds of relevant keyword results, plus additional, actionable information like competition level and estimated CPC, all for free! It’s an awesome alternative to Google’s Keyword Planner. To drive search engine traffic, whether through organic search or paid search advertisements, you need the right keywords, plus a process to expand your keyword lists over time. ![]() But most free keyword suggestion tools offer limited results and limited utility, especially when it comes to keyword research for PPC. Keyword research is one of the first – and most crucial – steps in any search marketing campaign, organic or paid. Want to know more about WordStream’s new and improved Free Keyword Tool? Then keep reading! Why use WordStream’s Free Keyword Tool for keyword research? Keyword research can be a slog, but WordStream’s Free Keyword Tool makes it fast and easy to find the keywords your business needs to drive traffic through organic and paid search. We’ve revamped our popular Free Keyword Tool and it’s better than ever, with more features, more data, and exclusive info to help you manage, optimize, and expand your search marketing campaigns. How she avoided information overload by simplifying her diet and exercise. ![]()
![]() GhostScript 9.05Īnd above provide the ‘-dUseFastColor=true’ option to prevent thatĪnd that is what psconvert does by default, unless option -I is >= 9.00 change gray-shades by using ICC profiles. ![]() I Enforce gray-shades by using ICC profiles. Have much higher resolution than your raster pixel dimensions. Note that raster images can also suffer from quantizing when the original data Because processing time increases with factor we suggest you The scale factor temporarily increases the effective dots-per-unitīy factor, rasterizes the plot, then downsamples the image by the same factor at the end. Some of this is mitigated by the anti-aliasing settings ( -Q) G is used) is the one of the 64 bits version, or gswin64c -H factor Given the finite dots-per-unit used to rasterize PostScript frames to rasters, the quantizing of features So in case of ‘get from registry’ failure the default name (when no Of the poor decision of embedding the bits on the gs exe name weĬannot satisfy both the 32 and 64 bits GhostScript executable names. The GS path to system’s path or give the full path here. G ghost_path Full path to your GhostScript executable. Extension is still determined automatically. Use this option to provide a different name,īut without extension. Using the input names as base, which are appended with anĪppropriate extension. E resolution Set raster resolution in dpi. D outdir Sets an alternative output directory (which must exist) [Default is C gs_option Specify a single, custom option that will be passed on to Use -A+p to draw the BoundingBox outline (append a pen or accept Use -A+g paint to paint the BoundingBox behind the illustration and If -V is used we also report the dimensions of the illustration. Where the difference of one pixel might matter. This is going against Adobe Law but can be useful when creating very small images Use the -A+r to round the HighRes BoundingBox instead of using the ceil function. new_height to also also impose a maximum height in addition to the width.Īlternatively use -A+S scale to scale the image by a constant factor. The new width are only imposed if the original figure width exceeds it. Here is that GhostScript will do the re-interpolation work and the final image will The default is to use what is set by PROJ_LENGTH_UNITīut you can append a new unit and/or impose different width and height. Use the -A+s new_width to resize the output image to exactly new_width units. Give either one (uniform), two (x and y) or four (individual sides) Optionally, append +m to specify extra margins to extend the bounding box. (e.g., to override any automatic setting of -A by -W).Īppend +u to first remove any GMT-produced time-stamps. Append +n to leave the BoundingBoxes as they are Optional Arguments ¶ -A]| S width/ height]Īdjust the BoundingBox and HiResBoundingBox to the minimum requiredīy the image content. ![]() does not give any warranty or assurance as to the quality or accuracy of our Free Time Clock Calculator. Our Time Clock Convertion Calculator should not be relied upon to calculate financial data. Deputy is easy-to-use employee scheduling, timesheet & time clock software. Our Online Time Clock Calculator is designed to provide you general estimates.
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